微生物培养基使用中常出现的问题汇总

发布日期：2020-01-07 11:31:48 来源：互联网

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">工作中发现，有部分检验员对培养基的使用存在障碍，借此机会和大家分享讨论一下大家常见的对培养基存在的一些疑问。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">1、培养基煮沸溶解后再高压灭菌，还是直接高压灭菌存在疑惑。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">拿麦康凯琼脂举个例子，溶解后灭菌，平板上没有不溶的结晶紫，没有紫色的斑点；相对比未溶解灭菌的，平板上有结晶紫和紫色的斑点。portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">所以正确的做法是先煮沸溶解后再高压灭菌。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">2、培养基PH值为什么不在标准范围内？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">其实出现这个情况的问题有很多种，大致我分为这么6大点：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①质量不好（生产厂家出厂时portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">pH就不正确）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②灭菌问题（高压灭菌温度过高或灭菌时间过长，导致葡萄糖类焦化从而portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">pH降低）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">③保存时间（超过保质期或结块）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">④水质出现问题（可以用去离子水、纯化水、蒸馏水不能用矿泉水、自来水）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">⑤保存温度（保存温度过高）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">⑥光线直射总结本人认为以上6点都可能导致培养基portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">pH出现偏差，如果出现此类问题，建议逐一排查，直到问题解决。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">3、培养基高压灭菌时为什么会焦化？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">不少检验人员在实验时，发现经过灭菌的培养基有焦化现象，我认为引起此现象的主要原因有以下4点：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①可能你灭菌的时候温度超过了121℃（正常115-116℃20min即可）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②灭菌时间过长；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">③培养基在容器中装的太多（不要超过容器容量的80%）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">④灭完菌的培养基在高温环境中保存的时间过长，这些都会导致培养基发生焦化现象。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">4、培养基PH怎么测定？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">通常分两种情况：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①对于无需高压灭菌的培养基，先煮沸溶解后再冷却至25℃时，测定其portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">pH值（固体培养基至少测2个点，取其平均值）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②对于需要高压灭菌的培养基，高压灭菌后，冷却至25℃测其pH（固体培养基至少测2个点，取其平均值）。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">5、含琼脂培养基在倒平板为什么有时候不凝固或凝固不好？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">针对以上情况，我做了分析：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①针对需要高压灭菌的培养基，倒平板时候要先摇匀（因为琼脂分子量比较大，在冷却过程中容易沉淀到底部，导致琼脂分散不均匀）；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②针对无需高压灭菌的培养基，一次煮沸溶解后不能直接倒平板，应重复煮沸溶解3-5次（因为一次不能确保琼脂完全溶解）。

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px"> 

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">6、为什么同一品牌的不同批号，粉末颜色有差别？

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(241,136,35); padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">分析可能有3个原因：

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">①此培养基成分含有染料或指示剂；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">②不同批次粉末培养基含水量不同，一般要求≤6%，含水量越高，颜色越深；

portant; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 宋体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 0px">③加工时球磨时间越长颜色越深。

portant; font-size: 12px; word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: ; font-family: 黑体; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-right: 0px">文章来源食品论坛网友分享，转载仅为知识分享